ABSTRACT
Since the introduction of COVID-19 vaccine, various adverse events have been reported including injection site pain, fatigue, headaches, and myocarditis. Cranial neuropathies and optic neuritis, have been also rarely reported, however, the significance of these autoimmune manifestations after the administration of COVID-19 vaccine remain controversial. In this report we present a case of myocarditis and bilateral optic neuritis that occurred in a young healthy male patient after the administration of first dose of mRNA-1273 vaccine (Moderna).Copyright © 2022 The Author(s)
ABSTRACT
Background: There has been lot of speculation around the possible side effects associated with COVID vaccination and incidence of facial palsy is one of them. Bilateral facial palsy is less likely to be idiopathic as compared to unilateral facial nerve palsy and warrants further investigations to find any secondary cause. COVID 19 infection and the vaccinations for the same are also included in the unique list of differentials. Case report: We report an interesting case of bilateral rapidly sequential facial nerve palsy following the administration of COVID vaccination that showed subsequent improvement. We provide literature review to report the current incidence of same, secondary to the vaccination as well the infection itself Case presentation: Following the introduction of COVID 19 vaccine, there have been reports of various cranial nerve involvement including lower motor neuron type facial paresis. Bilateral facial palsy is less likely to be idiopathic as compared to unilateral palsy(23% vs 70%) and requires further work up to determine the etiology before determining to be idiopathic. Unilateral facial palsy(FP) has been reported in the Phase I and II trials for Pfizer and Moderna vaccine, with a total of 7 cases reported in these initial trials. To date, there is no direct evidence that these vaccines have increased the incidence of facial palsy as compared to adverse events reported with other vaccines or compared to COVID 19 infection itself. We report a unique case of bilateral lower motor neuron type facial palsy noted in a young male within hours of receiving the vaccine that later improved with treatment. Reports of simultaneous bilateral facial palsy after vaccine are rare with only few cases reported to date in literature. Conclusion(s): In conclusion from current available literature, we would like to postulate that though there is a risk of facial nerve palsy following the vaccination, it is comparable to the risks associated with any other vaccinations and not been higher than the non-vaccinated population. The overall risk is higher with the actual COVID 19 infection itself as compared to the vaccine.Copyright © 2022
ABSTRACT
In the post-COVID era, while the use of technology-enabled contactless financial services is growing, it is more critical than ever to match the rising customer expectations by aiding customers in making the best decisions and fulfilling their aspirations. The paper’s objective was to critically review published research on the antecedents of non-transactional customer engagement behaviors (CEBs), such as relationship quality, emotions, customer empowerment, and the influence of the CEBs on customer loyalty and advocacy in the financial services industry. Relevant online databases were comprehensively searched through Boolean search, reviewed critically, and synthesized narratively. The guidelines of PICO (participants, interventions, comparisons, outcomes) were followed. The final results indicated that an empowered, satisfied, highly pre-dispositional customer possessing different affective states and trust reciprocated positive engagement behaviors (CEBs). The positive CEBs build attitudinal loyalty and advocacy behaviors that create value in the long term. This review guided on managing customer tendencies to positively and emotionally engage with the product and brand in many ways, such as reviews and testimonials, to curtail switch-over behaviors, encourage customer advocacy, and loyalty behaviors. © 2022, Associated Management Consultants Pvt. Ltd.. All rights reserved.